강유원의 북리스트 | 가르침과 배움(26) #Steiner 47쪽

 

2022.03.17 가르침과 배움(26) #Steiner

47 소크라테스가 경청자들에게 실행하는 매복기술은 실제로는 상당수가 얄팍하고 논박 가능하다.
29 A good many of the ambushes that Socrates sets for his listeners are, in fact, shallow and refutable. 
♧ the ambushes: 뒤통수 치기

47 플라톤이 전하는 단음절어의 동의는 수긍하기 어렵다.
29 One bridles t the Platonic transcriptions of monosyllable assent. 
♧ Platonic transcriptions of monosyllable assent: 단발성으로 주고받는 말

47 우리는 운동선수의 플레이나 음악가의 연주를 보면서 배운다.
29 We learn by watching an athlete perform or a musician play. 

47 이상적으로 생각해보면, 무언의 소크라테스도 가능하다.
29 In some ideal fiction, a mute Socrates is conceivable. 
♠ 이상적으로 생각해보면, 침묵하는 소크라테스도 (우리는) 지각할 수 있다.
♧ 소크라테스가 아무 말도 하지 않고 있다고 해도 우리는 뭔가를 알아차릴 수 있다는 의미.

48 여기서도 『논리-철학 논고』의 마무리는 적절하다.
♧ 문맥상 적절하지 않은 문장. 

48 플라톤의 소크라테스는 『에우퉤데모스』와 (가장 분명하게는) 『메논』에서 가르침의 기능과 현실에 대한 관습적 규정을 거의 부정하기 직전까지 간다.
29 In Euthydemus and, most expressly, in Meno, the Platonic Socrates comes close to cancelling out the function, the reality of teaching as we customarily define them. 

48 "사람은 아는 것에 대해서는 질문할 수 없다. 알고 있기 때문이다. 그 경우에는 질문이 필요 없다. 그리고 모르는 것에 대해서도 질문할 수 없다. 무얼 물어야 할지 모르기 때문이다."
29 "A man cannot inquire about what he knows, because he know it, and in that case he is no need of inquiry; nor, again, can he inquire about what he does not know, since he does not know what hi is to inquire." 

48 그래서 지식은 기억이라는 결론이 나온다.
30 It follows that knowledge is recollection. 
♠ 그래서 앎이라는 것은 이미 알고 있는 것을 떠올리는 행위라는 결론이 나온다.
♧ recollection: 기억이 아니라 회상. 헬라스어로 Anamnêsis. 기억은 특정한 지식 덩어리를 가리키는 것이다. 기억은 동사가 아니다. 회상은 그것 자체로 동사이고 행위이다. 이미 알고 있는 것을 떠올리는 것.

48 영혼은 불멸이기 때문에, 존재의 이전 상태에서 모든 것chremata을 배웠다.
30 Being immortal, the soul has learned all things(chremata) in a prior stat of existence. 
♠ 영혼은 불멸이기 때문에, 현생(이생)에서 필요한 것은 전생에서 배웠다.
♧ existence. 현존재. 현실적으로 지금 이번 생의 존재.
♧ in a prior stat of existence: 전생
♧ chremata: 우리가 필요로 하는 것을 가리킨다. 

48 이미 모든 것을 습득하고 있기에, 영혼은 접촉과 연상을 통해 지식의 요소들을 되찾을 수 있다.
30 All things being related, it can recapture the components of knowledge via contiguity andassociation.
♠ 모든 것은 연결되어 있기 때문에, 접촉과 연상을 통해 지식의 구성요소들을 재구성할 수 있다.
♧ recapture와 recollection이 연결되어 있다.

48 소크라테스는 이따금 프로이트와 아주 가깝다.
♧ 프로이트까지 동원한 것은 정말 용납하기 어려운 문장. 삭제해야 하는 문장.

48 발견은 회복, "자기 안에 잠재한 지식을 스스로 회복하는 것"이다.
30 Discovery equals recovery, the "recovery by oneself of knowledge latent within oneself."
♠ 발견은 재발견과 마찬가지다. "자기 안에 내재되어 있는 지식을 스스로 일깨우는 것"이다.
♧ recollection, recapture, recovery

48 이 모델에 오르피즘과 피타고라스 학파의 주장을 비튼 자취가 있는가?
30 Are there in this model ironized vestiges of Orphic and Pythagorean doctrines? 
♠ 이 모형에 오르피우스주의와 피타고라스학파의 가르침을 반어법적으로 가져다가 자기의 것으로 갖다놓은 것이 있는가?

 

댓글